The Ways Of Non Point Source Pollution During The Great Lakes

The way of Non-point source pollution in the Great Lakes †¢ Atmospheric precipitation Many contaminants settle out of the atmosphere, such as acid rain, the pollutants and nutrients will transport from distant places by air depositing into the lake as the form of rain. The first pollutants as atmospheric deposition on the Great Lakes were phosphorus. It is found that about 20 percent phosphorus entering Lake Michigan comes from the atmosphere by determination of rain, snow and dust. Since phosphorus pollution generated by this approach cannot be controlled, so it is more urgent to reduce the phosphorus content of detergent, sewer and effluent fertilizers. People found fish in a lake of Lake Superior in a remote island containing PCBs and toxaphene, and this place isolated with no direct way to pollution. This determines the long-range transport of pollutants through the atmosphere and settlement in the lake. In fact the processes of material transport through atmospheric was very complex. For instance PCBs was insoluble in water, so as to re-enter the atmosphere durin g evaporation or connected together into small particles. A lot of PCBs volatilize from the lake, meanwhile, PCBs coming from various parts of the air mass experience the sedimentation on the lake. Other than that the contaminated sediment is another way to cause pollution of the lake. This is problems of the most urban industrial areas. Even if there is likely to remove severely contaminated sediments inShow MoreRelatedThe Doom Of The Lakes1442 Words   |  6 Pagesof the Lakes Just a few miles away, our Great Lakes are being ravaged by plastic particles being released throughout. Issues around the world regarding water have always been prevalent. Dehydration kills about 2.2 million children every year. We can not stand idle by as a possible solution degrades daily right next to us. Lake Erie is known as the most polluted of the Great Lakes however, Lake Michigan is close behind. Due to the boom in industry in the Milwaukee and Chicago areas during the IndustrialRead More14 billion. That’s how many pounds of garbage are thrown into the ocean every year. 46%. That’s the1200 Words   |  5 Pagesthe amount of lakes that we can’t use for recreational activities in America because they are too polluted. 7 billion. That’s the number of people who can do something about it. Hi my name is Francisco Zepeda and I’m from Spalding County. My presentation is on how to reduce your impact on the Earth, but before you can REDUCE your i mpact on the earth, you must first know HOW you’re impacting the Earth. Pollution is one way to negatively impact the Earth, but what is pollution? Defined literallyRead MoreEnvironment Essay: Alternative Fuels are the Solution to Environmental Problems1157 Words   |  5 Pagesthe way technology is changing, what industries are doing to help prevent further pollution, some of the methods used in paper recycling, and some discussion of renewable energy sources. For the most part, this section of the research paper, unlike the other sections, is going to attempt to discuss some of the ways the public has been dealing with, and are finding new ways to deal with environmental problems that we are presently facing. nbsp; There are currently three main sources of pollution:Read MoreWater s Effect On Michigan1768 Words   |  8 Pagessurprise to anyone that Michigan has a large number of water supplies surrounding it. We have most of the Great Lakes touching our territory and if it not touching Michigan than it is pretty darn close. Michigan also has more than 10,000 inland lakes and you can stretch out all of our rivers and streams and extend them up to thousands of miles. So how exactly did Michigan become the great lakes state? Growing up, we all went through the water cycle lesson and we will never forget it. The reason beingRead MoreWhat Is Deforestation and Global Warming994 Words   |  4 Pagesearth’s atmosphere, hotter. Sometimes the temperature can change in a way that helps us. The greenhouse effect makes the earth appropriate for people to live on. Without it, the earth would be freezing, or on the other hand it would be burning hot. It would be freezing at night because the sun would be down. We would not get the sun’s heat and light to make the night somewhat warm. During the day, especially during the summer, it would be burning because the sun would be up with no atmosphereRead More Water Pollution in Canada Essay2503 Words   |  11 Pagesnations lakes, streams, and rivers. If something is not done to improve the situation it is going to have some severe environmental problems in its future. The following essay will be looking at the factors that cause pollution, and the effect that pollution has on the environment of Canada. It will also explore some of the methods used to treat and clean-up wastewater, and oil spills. Today pollution is very high in both inland and marine waters. All different types of water pollution are contributingRead MoreWater Pollution: Is It as Big of a Problem as We Think?2525 Words   |  11 PagesWater Pollution: Is it as big of a problem as we think? The following essay will be looking at the factors that cause pollution, and the effect that pollution has on our world today. It will also investigate what it has in store for the future if things do not improve. It will also explore some of the methods used to treat and clean-up wastewater, and oil spills. Today, the industrialization of Canada is severely affecting this nations lakes, streams, and rivers. If something is not doneRead MoreArticle : Article On Human And Natural Activities1932 Words   |  8 Pageshave changed the atmosphere, the great cause of the climate in our environment, and possible solutions to the damaging effects on the earth. 1. Human Causes And Natural Activities: a) Environmental pollution: in few words we can say that environmental contamination is the action of chemical, physical and/or biological agents in a way that alters the conditions of the soil, land, air, and living beings of a harmful way. Types of contamination can be: Water pollution: is the water of impurities, suchRead MoreWater Shortage And Pollution Of Water Source Crisis3001 Words   |  13 Pagesthe material foundation to the survival of humans and all living things. In today s world, water shortage and pollution of water source crisis constituted the major constraints which will influence the social-economic development of a country. In January 1992 United Nations held an international conference about the world water and the environment in Iceland, called for finding new ways to use freshwater resources, development and management. In 1993, the World Bank raised new issues related to waterRead MoreCauses of Water Pollution and Cures to Stop It Now10059 Words   |  41 PagesCauses of Water Pollution and Cures to Stop it Now Nature plays a role when it comes to toxins like mercury and other heavy metals, but humans are among the major causes of water pollution. We have always treated the planet with a certain level of disregard, as if we simply thought that nothing we could do would be of any consequence. Now though, the way we have treated our environment is coming back to haunt us. Since the beginning of the industrial revolution we have unleashed 80,000 chemical

Frankenstein Versus Prometheus Essay - 642 Words

Frankenstein Versus Prometheus What do a god and a crazy doctor have in common? Nothing right! Wrong! In the stories Prometheus and Frankenstein the protagonists are very alike in many ways. They both tried to play god, steal, and they both get punished for what they did. In the stories Prometheus and Frankenstein the protagonists both tried to play God in their own way. They did this by trying to create their own being or race to worship them. In the story Prometheus, the protagonist Prometheus takes all the human beings under his wing and teaches them the beginning of civilization and changes their lives completely. He grudged men all the gifts that Prometheus had given them and he was angry with Prometheus for granting to†¦show more content†¦He took the fire from the very hearth of Zeus himself on Olympus and brought it to man concealed in the stem of a plant. Prometheus who gave men every art and every science; and finally he gave them the gift of fire. Pg.5. Dr. Frankenstein stole body parts of dead people, even without fear that he was disturbing the dead in peace. One secret which I alone possessed was the hope to which I had dedicated myself, and the noon gazed on my midnight labors, while with unrelaxed and breathless eagerness I pursued nature to her hiding places. Who shall conceive the horrors of my secret toil as I dabbled among the unhallowed damps of the grave or tortured the living animal to animate the lifeless clay? Pg.168. They did steal things but in return they both got punished for what they did. Prometheus and Dr. Frankenstein were both punished for the things they did in the stories. In Prometheus he was sent to the top of a high mountain and was nailed there to be tortured. Seize Prometheus and to carry him to the highest peak of the dreadful Caucasus. There among the crawling glaciers, beneath the lashing hail and winds of storm, or, in the summer time, shelterless against the scorching heat of the sun, Prometheus was to be bound fast with unbreakable chai ns. Pg.5. In Frankenstein Dr. Frankenstein is punished by having nightmares of dead people and he starts to go crazy and a little insane from theShow MoreRelatedThe Anxieties Of Modernity In Frankenstein And Dracula981 Words   |  4 Pagesanxieties of the times in which they were written tend to surface through important themes, characters and settings. Frankenstein written by Mary Shelley in 1818 and Dracula written by Bram Stoker in 1897 both share this characteristic by working through the anxieties of modernity, here meaning â€Å"the condition of being modern† , specifically between new world science and technology versus old world spirituality and faith. This manifests predominantly as the old traditional values of Europe contrastingRead MoreMary Shelley s Frankenstein - The Modern Prometheus946 Words   |  4 PagesFrankenstein by Mary Shelley is a Gothic novel which revolves around the concept of men overtaking the role of God by attempting to create life, which is successfully depicted through the character of Victor Frankenstein who creates and brings life to the â€Å"monster†, unaware of its consequences and responsibility. Similarly, the mythological story of â€Å"Prometheus† revolves around the young Titan who in attempts to help mankind, wages war with Jupiter by providing men with fire and how to utilize itRead MoreFrankenstein And The Modern Prometheus1665 Words   |  7 Pages1. In the novel Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus, both Victor Frankenstein and the Monster are viable protagonists, as the fates of both characters comprise a considerable amount of the novel, and are so cruelly intertwined. Both being so crucial to the story, it is really a matter of the reader’s perspective as to who is good and who is bad. 2. From Victor Frankenstein’s perspective, the Monster is clearly the antagonist in the novel Frankenstein. He murders all of Frankenstein’s lovedRead MoreGood Vs Evil In Frankenstein1229 Words   |  5 PagesIn the infamous novel, Frankenstein or the Modern Prometheus, by Mary Shelley, there have been a variety of recurring themes throughout the book, one of them being good versus evil. Good versus evil is a popular theme that appears in several movies, TV shows, as well as literature itself. According to Wikipedia.com, it means: â€Å"[...] the battle between ideologies, with one side Good, and the other Evil. Another variation is the inner struggle in characters (and by extension, humans in reality) betweenRead MoreReligious Thought in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein2200 Words   |  9 Pages Religious Thought in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Every time a movie is made that portrays any part of the book Frankenstein by Mary Shelley, it is more than likely about the monster and his character rather than the creator and his. But, in the book, the scientist, Dr. Frankenstein, was more prominent, especially in view of his personal angst and wars, than the monster. It is true that the monster is a central character, but the man Frankenstein is a much more interesting study. What happensRead MoreNature and Nurture in Frankenstein1357 Words   |  6 Pagesin Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein. Since the beginning of life, nature and nurture have influenced all living things to learn, live, and survive. Nature represents the biological qualities that organisms inherit at birth, while nurture represents the qualities that organisms acquire from society. In the novel, Frankenstein, Mary Shelley portrays the theme of nature versus nurture through characterization, setting, and irony in order to show that the creature created by Fr ankenstein would not have beenRead MoreScience and Progress in Frankenstein and Hard Times3785 Words   |  16 PagesLITERATURE MAJOR ESSAY SCIENCE AND PROGRESS IN FRANKENSTEIN ANDHARD TIMES The 19th century was a time of massive change socially, politically and scientifically. This time saw the rise of Imperialism and of the Industrial Revolution in Britain, seeing massive changes in the way industry was run. Also during this time the literary movements of Romanticism and Victorianism emerged. Romanticism dealt with the issues of reality versus illusion, childhood and man versus nature. The first book I will examine inRead More Science in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and Hard Times by Charles Dickens3626 Words   |  15 Pagesthe way industry was run. Also during this time the literary movements of Romanticism and Victorianism emerged. Romanticism dealt with the issues of reality versus illusion, childhood and man versus nature. The first book I will examine in this essay, Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, comes from this literary period and focuses on the man versus nature theme, namely the theme of scientific development and it’s contrast to nature. Th e second book I will look at in this essay comes from the Victorian periodRead More The Dangers of Science in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay example1019 Words   |  5 PagesMary Shelleys Frankenstein Mary Shelleys novel Frankenstein cannot merely be read as a literary work of the early 19th century. It represents the workings of young Shelleys mind. Further, it represents the vast scientific discoveries of the time, combined with Mary Shelleys intuitive perception of science. She views science as a powerful entity, but also recognizes the dangers if uncontrolled. Shelley demonstrates this fear in the book as science drives Victor Frankenstein to create his monsterRead MoreReview Of Frankenstein By James Whale1840 Words   |  8 PagesLiterature Review Critical Analysis of Frankenstein The 1931 film, Frankenstein, which was directed by James Whale changed the mad-scientist/horror movie scene permanently. Although it is almost a century old, people are still reenacting it and discussing it. This film is about a young man named Henry Frankenstein. Henry has an obsession with creating life. Fritz, Henry’s assistant, helped collect body parts from recently deceased corpses. The two men got to work, binding the parts together, to

Click to Get KFC Research proposal Solution on Opportunities

Question: Describe about the Research Proposal on Opportunities for Technology for KFC. Answer: Introduction Customer Relationship Management is an essential factor for the success of any restaurant chain business (Raab 2008). The proposal has been developed to conduct a research on Customer Relationship Management in KFC. The research aims to present technological opportunities that can be used to improve the performance of the front line employees in the company. The study will present several CRM theories and review the previous literature to develop the research questions and hypothesis. Furthermore, the proposal presents the proposed methodology and analysis that will be used in conducting the research. Hence, the objective of the study is to understand the importance of implementing technology development in improving the efficiency of the front line workers in a food chain business. Literature Review Introduction to Customer Relationship Management In the marketing literature, Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is one of the vital instruments to create a strong relationship with the target customers. The concept of CRM has been tactically applied concentrating on customer retention strategy. Through the identification of different integrated strategies, organisations have adopted modern technologies to build strong bonding with the customers for improved sales and services (Taylor and Barber 2016). Effective CRM practices have been intended to obtain customer loyalty in a competitive marketplace. For a food retail chain business such as KFC, the front-line staffs have to play major roles to satisfy the customers at the highest standard. By identifying the factors of customers retention, effective measures have to be put to CRM for a better outcome (Stock and Bednarek 2014). CRM as a Business Tool In marketing, Customer Relationship Management is one of the contributory factors to build up strong and healthy customer interaction. Modern technologies and latest communication methods have tremendously helped the organisations to create an effective communication channel with the customers (Wang and Feng 2012). For instance, improved IT based solution can be applied within the CRM to understand many issues and challenges on customer satisfaction. The front-line staffs of a business organisation can learn so much about the behaviour of the client based on the system (Kishor and Nagamani 2015). By developing database and customer management network, the CRM can establish suitable customer relationship to retain the loyal customers for the much longer time. Thus, the sales and profit margin of the firm can be boosted at a certain level (Malthouse et al. 2013). By identifying the actual requirement and needs from the services, modern technologies can help out the front-line subordina tes to determine the best approach to improve the services (Khodakarami and Chan 2014). In this way, better service approaches leave a great impression on the target customers converting them to the loyal customers. Also, effective technological efficiency can promote transparency in customer communication network developing better relationship standards. Role of Frontline subordinates Frontline subordinates have to deal with the customers in direct order. Hence, the role of the frontline staffs has become critical in CRM. Ruths demand resource model has featured how the customer-oriented behaviours of the frontline employees can make an impact on customer satisfaction (Fournier 2013). If the frontline subordinates have shown customer-oriented attitude, it will enhance the satisfaction level of the customers. The service efficiency of frontline employees can be improved using modern communication technology so that the rate of the incoming customers will be improved (Fagerstrm et al.2015). As significant customer satisfaction can lead to the growth of the business, qualified frontline employees will meet the demand of the customers in a sophisticated way (Brennan et al. 2014). Literature Gap The latest development in technology and management operations of CRM has provided significant services to the customers. In spite of modern technological applications, customers are not entirely satisfied with the services. Hence, the organisations have losing customers on a regular interval. Therefore, more research must be done to identify the reasons behind the disloyalty of the customers (Bitran et al. 2008). Along with that, the companies must figure out why the staffs have failed to meet the satisfaction level of the customers. The study will focus on the feedback of the client to understand the factors leading to customer dissatisfaction. Herein, the role of technology must be identified to solve the issues regarding CRM. Research Question It is important to identify the research questions to conduct proceed further with the analysis. The research questions that can be used in conducting the study on CRM in KFC are presented herein below: What are the technological opportunities that can be used to improve the efficiency of the front line staffs in customer interaction? What is the role of technology in CRM in improving the service quality in KFC? Can technology be used in improving the skills and knowledge of the front line staffs in KFC? How can we implement technology in improving the front line service quality of KFC? What changes are required in CRM strategy of KFC? Hypothesis Hypothesis is used to judge a statement that is further used to conduct the analysis in the research study. The hypothesis statements are presented herein below: H0: Technological opportunities can be used to improve the efficiency of the front line employees in KFC. H1: Technological opportunities are not effective in improving the efficiency of the front line employees in KFC. Proposed Methodology Research Design Research design presents the blueprint of the study that explains the methodology used in the study. To study the customer relationship management used by KFC to operate its front line staffs, there is a need to interact with employee and the customers of the company. The interaction will help to collect primary data that will be used in the study. The study will be conducted using qualitative approach because there is no need of statistical analysis to prove the use of technology in CRM improvement (Ketchen and Bergh 2014). The questionnaires used to collect data from the employees and customers are presented in appendix 1. Data Collection Data collection is an essential task of a research study. In this research, both primary and secondary data collection methods will be used to enhance the database for the analysis. The primary data collection method will be used to collect data from direct employees and customers of KFC to observe the current situation of CRM in the company. The primary data will be collected using questionnaires that are presented above. Furthermore, the secondary data collection method will be used to observe the prior theories and studies presented by various authors to improve the quality of the research (Welman, Kruger, Mitchell and Huysamen 2005). The secondary data will be used to conduct the literature review and present the research questions, hypothesis and methodology of the current research. Hence, the use of both types of data collection method is justified in the study. Sample Size Considering the entire population increases the burden of data collection. Hence, there is a need of sampling out a small population that can be easily used to collect the information for the study. It has been planned to collect primary data from around 50 customers and 10 employees of KFC. A random sampling technique will be used to choose the target population for collecting the primary data (Newman and Benz 2008). On the other hand, prospective sampling technique will be used to collect secondary data from the prior literature. Proposed Analysis The research will be conducted using qualitative analysis approach. The collected data will be converted into variables to conduct the qualitative analysis and present the research results in a descriptive manner. The findings of the study will be presented in a thematic manner to answer the research questions given above. It can be seen that with development of technology, different organisations has started implementing technological opportunities in training their employees and improving their quality of services. Hence, the qualitative study will help KFC to understand the current status in the market and develop proper strategies in enhancing the performance of the frontline staffs (Morsing and Beckmann 2006). Conclusion In order to conclude the research proposal, first of all, a brief review of the literature must be presented so that a detailed description of the role of the frontline employees can be identified in CRM. Moreover, modern IT solutions must be included within the CRM functions so that frontline employees can identify the best approaches and communication methods to deal with the customers. In this way, customer-oriented attitude can be helpful in gaining the loyalty of the target audience. Along with that, better and healthy customer interaction will also reduce customer grievances to a major extent. References Bitran, G.R., Ferrer, J.C. and Rocha e Oliveira, P., 2008. OM Forum-Managing Customer Experiences: Perspectives on the Temporal Aspects of Service Encounters.Manufacturing Service Operations Management,10(1), pp.61-83. Brennan, J.J., Siebert, W.H., Cerrone, M.C. and Williams, J.R., Buzztable, Inc., 2014.System for customer relationship management using wireless communication. U.S. Patent 8,897,810. Fagerstrm, A., Aksnes, D. and Arntzen, E., 2015. An Experimental Study of Intertemporal Choices: The Case of Customer Relationship Management.Managerial and Decision Economics. Fournier, S., 2013. Secrets of customer relationship management: its all about how you make them feel.Journal of Services Marketing. Ketchen, D. and Bergh, D., 2014.Research methodology in strategy and management. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Khodakarami, F. and Chan, Y.E., 2014. Exploring the role of customer relationship management (CRM) systems in customer knowledge creation.Information Management,51(1), pp.27-42. Kishor, N.R. and Nagamani, K., 2015. Customer relationship management in Indian Banking Sector.ACADEMICIA: An International Multidisciplinary Research Journal,5(7), pp.74-82. Malthouse, E.C., Haenlein, M., Skiera, B., Wege, E. and Zhang, M., 2013. Managing customer relationships in the social media era: introducing the social CRM house.Journal of Interactive Marketing,27(4), pp.270-280. Morsing, M. and Beckmann, S., 2006.Strategic CSR communication. Copenhagen: DJF Publishing. Newman, I. and Benz, C., 2008.Qualitative-quantitative research methodology. Carbondale, Ill.: Southern Illinois University Press. Raab, G., 2008.Customer relationship management. Aldershot, Hampshire, England: Gower. Stock, R.M. and Bednarek, M., 2014. As they sow, so shall they reap: customers influence on customer satisfaction at the customer interface.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,42(4), pp.400-414. Taylor, C. and Barber, N.A., 2016. How will my wine purchase decision be viewed by others?.Journal of Wine Research, pp.1-24. Wang, Y. and Feng, H., 2012. Customer relationship management capabilities: Measurement, antecedents and consequences.Management Decision,50(1), pp.115-129. Welman, C., Kruger, F., Mitchell, B. and Huysamen, G., 2005.Research methodology. Cape Town: Oxford University Press

The Steppe Gods Review Essay Example

The Steppe Gods Review Paper Essay on The Steppe Gods Summer 1945, Petya lives in Razgulyaevke on the border with China. Petka ordinary village life: all day worn on the steppe in search of an escaped Hitler, hiding from grandmother Darya evenings looking at the passing railway trains with troops, and dreaming of the day when the Soviet Union still attack Japan. Nearby, in the local camp, lives a Japanese prisoner Hirotaro, MD, helps and Russian, and Japanese and lead a secret diary, addressed to his children in Nagasaki. Wait! Why now so do not write! We in the 21st century, literary delights and intellectual games, postmodernism, stream of consciousness, but here? The boy in the Soviet countryside dreams die in the war? Its just some kind of social realism. Although there is not prosto.Eto a real Russian literature. Reading Steppe Gods like a sip of pure spring water or strong vodka. One must have talent and a sense of proportion, not to dissemble in this topic: Russian village with fights, foul language and spirit, the Great Patriotic War, the boys, for whom the main character, Stalin, women, and not waiting for the men, officers and soldiers languishing in . rear We will write a custom essay sample on The Steppe Gods Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Steppe Gods Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Steppe Gods Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Petka outcast among children, as it is a geek fatherless. But he is not sad, all in all fairness, the five fingers of the left hand for good (the capture of Berlin, the liberation of Budapest, Corporal falcons, American stew and recovery of Lieutenant Odintsov), the five fingers of the right for the worse (the disappearance of Hitler, Valerys disease, Mommys hand, does not begin the attack on Japan, beauty Tanya Zakharova). Petya himself fair and honest when he is attacked all together fighting as a young one, but will not touch his chief tormentor when he is alone crying in grief. Reading and face blurred smile, Petka simple pleasures of life, he starts instead of wolf dogs that are afraid Babkiny goats, trains salute, looking at his shadow, first try the stew (letters on the bank of red color as the flag, the taste even compare there is nothing, and huge banks like ), peel portfolio Tanya playing with only friend in intelligence. Hirotaro at this time of writing notes in a notebook on the grass, which is about in the wilderness, on ancestors Samurai, about his youth and how was captured. He has his own story, he and his childhood is associated with Masahiro, who is in the same camp. At the time, my father chose Masahiro own lame son of a talented Hirotaro, Masahiro could not forgive, and hated it. Hirotaro same feeling immense gratitude to the family Masahiro and his guilt in front of him, betrayed him so much, that even remained in captivity to be there. Two completely different worlds and human Petka and Hirotaro gradually approach each other and come to the finale , has caused me a thrill: the old Japanese and a small Soviet boy amenable ancient instinct merge into a pagan dance of joy and healing and becoming a Multi-armed radiant creature Once upon a time I did not read this modern literature a complete aching sincerity. and faces constant in Russian characters, literature so close to our classics.

the rain essays

the rain essays In the time you can read this sentence, eight acres of tropical rain forest will have been bulldozed and burned out of existence.However, this destruction has been neglected and overlooked for years. Many people do not understand the long-term consequences of losing the earths rain forests. The rain forests have provided people with many natural resources and medicines. The benefits that rain forests provide to people will be destroyed if the depletion continues to be disregarded. No matter where a person lives, even if it is not near a rain forest, the complete destruction of rain forests will affect living conditions. For years rain forests have provided countries around the word with valuable resources, minerals, lumber, and energy. In Brazil alone the rain forests contains 45% of Brazils hydroelectric power. The minerals found in the rain forests of Brazil are estimated to value 1.6 trillion dollars, while the lumber that the rain forests can provide total 1.7 trillion dollars.Nu trients from decomposing organisms can be found throughout rain forests, including in soil and in the trees. To continue destroying forests also destroys the important materials that they are providing to humans. Long ago, the Earth had a green belt of rain forests around its middle that covered almost twelve percent of the earth's land surface. Today, the rain forest covers two percent of the earth's land surface and it is declining rapidly. Today, as we enter the last decade of the twentieth century, we have reached a turning point; we can no longer use the excuse of ignorance. People need to try harder to stop rain forest depletion. There are two major areas on earth where rain forests are located. One of these areas is called "The Old World Tropics," which includes Africa and Asia. In Africa, the rain forests are primarily located around the Zaire river. The other area in which rain forests are located is called "The New Wor ...

The Scandal That Led to Milo Yiannopoulos Downfall

The Scandal That Led to Milo Yiannopoulos Downfall Breitbart editor and alt-right star Milo Yiannopoulos was poised to become a household name in the United States. Viewed as a bigot, Internet troll, and homophobe by his detractors- he’d likened feminism to cancer, told gays to â€Å"get back in the closet† and led a campaign of harassment against black actress Leslie Jones- the British transplant to the U.S. made headlines in early 2017 after his college tour sparked violence. When the University of California, Berkeley, canceled a Yiannopoulos speech because riots broke out on the campus in response, President Donald Trump took to Twitter to suggest that the university should lose federal funding for not supporting free speech. That the president would take the time to allude to him on social media signaled that Yiannopoulos, best known in right-wing circles, had successfully entered the mainstream. But less than a month later, the provocateur would lose his Simon Schuster book deal, his invitation to speak at CPAC, and his job at Breitbart. How did this dramatic turn of events come about? A review of Yiannopoulos’ life, career, and controversies reveal some of the factors that led to his rapid rise and shocking fall.    Early Years and Education Born Milo Hanrahan on Oct. 18, 1984, to a Greek-Irish father and an English mother, Yiannopoulos grew up in Kent in Southern England. Years later, he would change his surname to Yiannopoulos in honor of his Greek grandmother. Although he is now considered a darling of the alt-right movement, which has been linked to anti-Semitism, Yiannopoulos says that he has matrilineal Jewish ancestry. He grew up as a practicing Catholic, however, with his mother and stepfather. The openly-gay Yiannopoulos has indicated that he consented to have a sexual relationship with a Catholic priest, despite being underage at the time. This claim would factor into his downfall at the height of his career. By his teens, Yiannopoulos, who didn’t get along well with this mother’s husband, lived with his grandmother. Although he attended both the University of Manchester and Wolfson College, Cambridge, he never earned a degree, but his lack of education did not prevent him from having a journalism career in the United Kingdom. Journalism Career Yiannopoulos’ journalism career took off after he began working for the Daily Telegraph, where he developed an interest in tech journalism after reporting on women in computing in 2009. He also appeared in a number of broadcast news outlets and programs, including Sky News, â€Å"BBC Breakfast,† â€Å"Newsnight† and â€Å"10 O’Clock Live,† discussing topics such as feminism, men’s rights, the gay community and the Pope. Through this project  the Telegraph Tech Start-Up 100, he ranked influential European tech startups in 2011. That same year, he launched the Kernel, a tech journalism site. The online magazine became embroiled in scandal two years later after contributors to the publication sued for thousands of pounds of back pay. Yiannopoulos eventually paid six contributors the money owed to them. After changing ownership a couple of times, the Kernel was purchased by Daily Dot Media in 2014. Yiannopoulos served as an adviser but no longe r ​as editor. Political  Leanings Yiannopoulos has said he’s not interested in politics, but as his career progressed, he increasingly expressed views that aligned him with the alt-right, of which he’s described himself as a â€Å"fellow traveler.† He is said to have skewed coverage of 2014’s Gamergate controversy, which led to attacks, including death and rape threats, against prominent women gamers who’d criticized sexism in video game culture. Yiannopoulos described the women as â€Å"sociopathic,† despite the fact that they were the victims of relentless online attacks that forced them out of their homes when their addresses and other personal information were revealed on the Web through  a practice known as â€Å"doxxing.† In 2015, he organized a meeting of Gamergate supporters which received a bomb threat, as did a Society of Professional Journalists event featuring Yiannopoulos discussing Gamergate. Despite the outrage he sparked, Yiannopoulos’ notoriety earned him a position with Breitbart News Network, which named him  tech editor in 2015. The far-right news organization has been accused of reporting misinformation and fueling racism, anti-Semitism, and misogyny through its content. Former Breitbart News chair Stephen Bannon serves as an assistant and chief strategist for Donald Trump, whose election to the presidency has coincided with a rise of racial harassment  and white supremacist activity, including the killing of an Indian engineer and the desecration of Jewish cemeteries. Jewish magazine the Tablet has taken issue with Yiannopoulos for aligning himself with organizations that promote a racist, anti-Semitic or misogynistic agenda while maintaining that he doesn’t personally harbor such views. Tablet writer James Kirchick pointed out in 2016 that Yiannopoulos only mentions his matrilineal Jewish heritage when the anti-Semitism of his supporters comes to light. He said that Yiannopoulos’ Jewish heritage didn’t prevent him from wearing an Iron Cross medallion- a symbol of the Nazi regime - as a young man. Yiannopoulos has also defended himself against racism charges by saying that he prefers black men as lovers. â€Å"Like the insistence that he can’t be an anti-Semite because his mother has Jewish ancestors, Yiannopoulos’ assertion that his carnal desires inoculate him from the charge of bigotry is a deflection ploy,† Kirchick asserted. â€Å"Ironically, it’s also a form of the identity politics he claims to despise. While the ‘social justice warriors’ (SJWs) Yiannopoulos mocks say they cannot be racist or anti-Semitic on account of their identities, Yiannopoulos flimsily asserts the same about himself. The alt right should be absolved of similar imputations, Yiannopoulos says, because its spokesman is a gay half-Jew with jungle fever.† A Professional Troll The year 2016 saw Yiannopoulos’ star rise exponentially. That’s in large part because he kicked off his â€Å"Dangerous Ft† college tour in late 2015, which led to protests nationwide at universities such as Rutgers, DePaul, the University of Minnesota, the University of Pittsburgh and the University of California, Los Angeles. During this timeframe, Yiannopoulos began to earn a reputation for being a professional troll. Twitter, for example, suspended his account in December 2015 after he indicated on his profile that he was BuzzFeed’s social justice editor (which he was not). Twitter suspended his account once again after he made anti-Muslim remarks following the June 2016 mass shooting at Pulse, a gay nightclub in Orlando, Fla. Yiannopoulos was permanently banned from the social media site in July for inciting a campaign of racial harassment against black actress Leslie Jones, a star of the all-female â€Å"Ghostbusters† remake. He compared Jones to a man, and his fans likened her to apes, a comparison white supremacists have long used to dehumanize blacks. Yiannopoulos denied culpability for the racist abuse Jones received but was still banned from Twitter, as hed also crafted fake tweets photoshopped to look as if theyd been sent from her account. He later said that he was thankful for the ban for giving him more notoriety. The idea that Yiannopoulos is simply a troll using politics to become famous spread when BuzzFeed quoted a  Breitbart intern saying â€Å"Milo Yiannopoulos is not one person.† Reportedly, 44 interns are responsible for crafting his articles and social media posts. Yiannopoulos seemed to admit as much at first, saying that was the norm for someone with a career like his. But he later backtracked, implying that he didn’t rely on ghostwriters. Whatever the case, critics such as Kirchick contend that Yiannopoulos is a â€Å"rank opportunist.†   He shouts â€Å"outrageous things solely designed to upset liberals. He has nothing original or interesting to share,† Kirchick asserts. Because he makes his points in a â€Å"crude† fashion, however, Yiannopoulos manages to court controversy and stay in the news. In December 2016, Yiannopoulos made headlines after news spread that publishing giant Simon Schuster had just given him a book deal with a $250,000 advance. The announcement not only prompted the Chicago Review of Books to stop reviewing Simon Schuster books but also black feminist writer Roxane Gay to walk away from her book deal with the publisher. Pride Before the Fall At the onset of 2017, arguably more Americans than ever had become familiar with Milo Yiannopoulos. On Jan. 20, the same day as Trump’s inauguration, Yiannopoulos spoke at the University of Washington. Violent demonstrations took place outside, with a Yiannopoulos supporter shooting a protester at the event. The gunshot resulted in life-threatening injuries, but the victim survived.    On Feb. 1, Yiannopoulos was scheduled to speak at UC Berkeley. An estimated 1,500 protesters gathered outside. Some started fires, engaged in vandalism and pepper sprayed passersby, leading the campus police to cancel his appearance. This provoked Donald Trump to tweet about defunding the University of California for not upholding free speech. The outcry over Yiannopoulos’ college tour didn’t deter comedian Bill Maher from inviting the journalist on his â€Å"Real Time† show on Feb. 17, however. And the very next day, Matt Schlapp, chairman of the American Conservative Union, announced that Yiannopoulos had been invited to speak to the Conservative Political Action Committee (CPAC). The invitation sparked some conservatives to speak out in opposition, but CPAC stood firm. Then, a conservative blog called the Reagan Battalion tweeted a video from 2015  of Yiannopoulos saying he consented to have a sexual relationship with a priest when he was a teen. It went on to tweet out other videos of Yiannopoulos defending underage males having sex with adults. In the clip that sparked the most controversy, Yiannopoulos said: â€Å"Some of those relationships between younger boys and older men, the sort of coming-of-age relationships, the relationships in which those older men help those young boys to discover who they are, and give them security and safety and provide them with love and a reliable and sort of a rock where they can’t speak to their parents.† Yiannopoulos also made a snarky remark about the priest who allegedly abused him. â€Å"I’m grateful for Father Michael,† he said. â€Å"I wouldn’t give nearly such good [oral sex] if it wasn’t for him.† He also made a point to say that sex with young teens did not constitute pedophilia, as sex with children did. Due to these remarks, Yiannopoulos was widely accused of advocating for adults to have sex with underage teens. The backlash was swift. CPAC disinvited him from its conference. Simon Schuster canceled his book deal, and Yiannopoulos resigned from Breitbart after staffers said they would quit if he wasn’t fired. Yiannopoulos expressed regret for his choice of words, but it wasn’t enough to convince his former allies to stand behind him. â€Å"I’ve repeatedly expressed disgust at pedophilia in my feature and opinion writing,† he said in a Facebook statement on Feb. 20. â€Å"My professional record is very clear. But I do understand that these videos, even though some of them are edited deceptively, paint a different picture. I’m partly to blame. My own experiences as a victim led me to believe I could say anything I wanted to on this subject, no matter how outrageous. But I understand that my usual blend of British sarcasm, provocation and gallows humor might have come across as flippancy, a lack of care for other victims or, worse, ‘advocacy.’ I deeply regret that. People deal with things from their past in different ways.† Now that Yiannopoulos’ career at Breitbart is in the past, members of the groups he offended- women, Jews, blacks, gays- question why only  his remarks about the age of consent led his supporters to disavow him. Why didn’t it concern CPAC, Simon Schuster et al. that Yiannopoulos had made odious remarks about women’s rights, gay rights or civil rights generally? They argue the idea that only his tacit endorsement of pedophilia made Yiannopoulos unfit for the large platform he was given sets a low bar for civil discourse and  overlooks the impact of bigotry  on the marginalized.

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 11

Assignment Example Applying the above theory to this coursework discourse, we can also assert that students have an expectation of what studying in the UK institutions should offer them. On the issue of studying in the United Kingdom, this present coursework mainly intends to investigate the extent to which students have become aware of financial issues that are faced with students who are joining universities. Therefore, the coursework will give information and advice on what first year undergraduate should expect to spend their money on when they arrive at the university and a rough estimate of these costs. Additionally, the coursework will highlight on the sources of finance that are available to students. Students’ expenditure budget According to Davey (2008), students learning at UK institutions are faced with a budget as they are supposed to cater for their needs and cover their own expenses, this more in particular for students are boarding at their learning institutions. Therefore, for f irst year undergraduate students the first thing that they should learn is financial management and proper budgeting in order to go through the entire term without financial hurdles and be able to fully concentrate on their studies. Among the common expenditure that students are faced with, include rent, food, communication (mobile/ internet), student supplies, council tax, transport, utilities, and banking charges such as opening a UK account. Estimate of a student budget For first year students who are going to undertake a course that runs for three years, the common budget estimates are presented in the table below. A 3 years course Amount in GBP Annual fees 2500 The living costs Books 62 Clothes 178 Concerts/ cinema 50 Travel home 50 Monthly expenditure Rent 340 Bar/restaurant bills 77 Food 130 Mobile phone 36 Transport 12 Shopping 69 Households bills 65 Other miscellaneous 20 Total Amount 37, 524 Based on this total amount that students will spend for their entire 3 years cours e, the annual amount that students will be required to have is 12508, on per term basis the required amount is 4168.33 while on monthly basis it is 1042.33. Evans (2011) stated that for students studying in the UK, there are various sources of finance that they can exploit in order to cover for their expenses and this excluded funds that can be provided for by their parents or guardians. Among the available sources, include student loans, grants that are offered annually, earning from part-time work, and holiday jobs. The estimate amounts that students could generate from these sources are as follows; Students’ possible income Student loan plus grant per year 6000 Part-time work 60 Holiday jobs 2500 Total 8560 The annual expenditure budget for students as it was noted was 12,508 and the rough estimates for students’ possible income per year is 8560 in total. Therefore, it means that on annual basis students will have a shortfall of 3948. This shortfall could either be covered by a funds received from parents or income earned from additional part time jobs and holidays jobs. However, it is of essence to note that for students to engage too much in jobs is highly likely to interfere with their education and they may end up have dwindling performances. The other key expense that was not included on the budget is healthcare costs for the students. This was intentionally excluded because of the fact that healthcare cost for students is also charged as part of the total school fees,

Arabic Pop Music Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Arabic Pop Music - Essay Example â€Å"The music of the Arab world is diverse; and includes several types of genres ranging from the classical tradition to the pop culture and from the sacred to the secular. While Arab music is an independent style of music with a distinct sound, it has a long history of interaction with different styles and genres of music† (Michigan Arab Orchestra, 2013). Pop music is extremely popular in Arab world at present. In fact, Arabs were able to develop a unique genre; Arabic Pop Music. Arabic pop music is popular in the Arab world since it is composed in Arabic language. Moreover, the composers of Arabic pop music consider the Arab cultural traits while composing it. Thus, Arabic pop music is more enjoyable to Arab people than other types of pop music since it is composed in their own language. This paper analyses various dimensions of Arabic Pop music. Definition of Arabic Pop Music Arabic Pop music is the form of pop music in the Arab World. It includes several genres and style s of music ranging from pop music to classical music. It contains secular as well as sacred music themes. â€Å"Arabic music, while independent and very alive, has a long history of interaction with many other regional musical styles and genres†(Arabic music, 2013). Such interactions with other music styles caused the evolution of different music styles in the Arab world. The interactions with the pop music helped the Arab world to formulate Arab form of pop music which is known as Arabic Pop Music now. Arabic pop singers The latter part of twentieth century and the beginning of the twenty first century have witnessed many changes in the Arabic Pop Music. Plenty of unique styles and rhythms were used in Arabic Pop Music during this period. Some of the prominent musicians and singers who contributed heavily to the development of Arabic Pop Music in recent times are; Sabah, Warda Al-Jazairia, Magida El Roumi, Nawal El Kuwaiti, Latifa, Samira Said, Angham, Asalah Nasri, Thekra, Kadhem Al Saher, Amr Diab, Diana Haddad, Najwa Karam, Nawal Al Zoghbi, Ehab Tawfik, Hisham Abbas, Wael Kfoury, Amal Hijazi, Elissa, Nancy Ajram, Haifa Wehbe, Maria Tekdep, Aldo (musician) and Natacha Atlas(Arabic Music Overview, 2010). Origin and Development of Arabic Pop Music In the 20th century, Egypt was the first in a series of Arab countries to experience a sudden emergence of nationalism, as it became independent after 2000 years of foreign rule. Turkish music, popular during the rule of the Ottoman Empire in the region, wa s replaced by national music. Cairo became a center for musical innovation (Arabic Music Overview, 2010). The 2000 years of foreign rule helped Egypt to get proper awareness about foreign culture. In other words, the life styles, cultural traits and the behaviors of the foreigners have caused huge changes in traditional Egyptian life styles. It should be noted that pop music was one of the favorite musical forms for the foreigners, while they were ruling Egypt. As a result of that locals in Egypt got plenty of awareness about the pop music composing and they started to blend pop music with their local music. The outcome was the evolution of a new music form in Arab world; Arabic Pop Music. Unlike traditional Arabic music, Arabic pop music composers started to compose music in a secular manner. The major theme of all traditional Arabic music was religion, customs and beliefs. However, the entry of pop music forced Arabic musicians to change the traditional norms of

Beyond the arabin poetry Essay Example for Free

Beyond the arabin poetry Essay Beyond the Arabian Poetry In the light of Arabic literature in Muslim Spain, It was one of the greatest lands at that time. Most of people were educated in too many studies, due to the Abd al-Rahman III one of the Umayyad Rulers. Abd al-Rahman III was interested greatly in books and education, which made him to collect a lot of books around the world. Arabic literature’ books were also interested by Abd al-Rahman III, which made a lot of Muslim Spain’s people interested on in and study it as well. Muslims and Jews were inherited in the Arabic literature which made them write stories and poetry. All that had a deep effect on literature scholars and especially Jewish scholars. When they were studying Islamic, Arabic literature they were also studying Islamic literature and the influence of the relationship of Arabic language and Islam. In that vein, many of the Jews converted to Islam by their own, But not all about Jews. And this raises the mind a question that what are the sources and the power of the Arabic literature which make these Jews converting to Islam by their own? And it appears that the larger spiritual vision of Islamic religious traditions and the Ideology of Islamic Arabic poems are involved with that. Therefore the Islamic traditions and the Islamic, Arabic poetry are the source of converting some of the Jews to Islam by their own in Muslim Spain. According to the book the Jews of Islam says â€Å"Islam had its sway over Jewish cultural life too. In literature, and the arts, the Muslim influence on the Jews is enormous.† (Lewis 81) It appears from that Islam affected on Jews through literature and the arts which means by traditions and poetry. In the same note of converting the Jews to Islam, the Islamic literature was very strong, because it was getting through the soul and shapes it. And writing famous poems on the walls of Madden T Al-Zahra, helped Jewish to read poems in the in that time, so one line of any Islamic poem has that huge effect for the reader. But that script was in Arabic, how did the spoken Hebrew, Jewish did read that? What kind of influence that the script has if it has translated to Hebrew? Would it be strong as it is in Arabic?  There were people in Muslim Spain who were in interested in reading Arabic poem translated to Hebrew. And according to book The Dream of the Poem for Peter Cole that it says there is a scholar who was translating poems to Hebrew by comparing meters to their Arabic models. (Cole 333). So this shows that yes by an effort of scholars the influence of Arabic poetry kept as itself, therefore spoken Hebrew Jews got a chance to read the Arabic poems with its influence which helped to make some of them convert to Islam. According to book of Daily life of Jews in the Middle Ages for Norman Roth he says â€Å"While some Jews, indeed, converted to Islam of their own free will in the early medieval period.†(Roth 202) and also Roth said that there are some of Jewish scholars in Muslim Spain Wrote in Arabic poems for them and one of them converted to Islam as Ibrahim Ibn Sahl, as he believe(Roth 165). By reading this book or some quotes of it we will see how the poetry affected these Jews to convert, even if it is not the big motive of converting, but Poetry was the media of the motive of converting these Jews to Islam. In that time Art was greatly considered as poems, due to the Islamic religion and the many of poets in that time, the poems were spread a lot in Muslim Spain, so it was easy for all to read them, and this shows that how the poems were the media of converting the Jews to Islam by their own. Furthermore the Jews were very interested with the Arabic poetry, and most of the Arabic poetry is describing Islam and how it is good for life. According to book of Arabic and Hebrew Love Poems in Al-Andalusia By Shari Lowin which says â€Å"Brann similarly maintains that Jews had primary knowledge of the sacred texts of Islam† (Lowin 40) and this shows that Jews were affected very deeply from the poems to know about Islam which made them to go and read holy texts from the Islamic religion. Moreover the connection of the poetry with science by proving that holy Quran proved a lot of science statements, and that was really convincing to the Jewish to convert to Islam, because the Jewish people believe in the concrete and the logic (Gwynne 160), and when they found that Islam is logical with the earth and it’s science so they will be more attracted to convert to Islam. All that is just from a link from Arabic poetry that talks about science and how Islam in the holy Quran proved it. In the line with that, it proves that  Jews converted to Islam by their own, because they read these sacred texts by their own and without any force from anyone, and this shows how strong was the Islamic literature, it affected the mind and the soul of Jews in Muslim Spain thus makes them convert to Islam. So the source of that is the literature of Islamic poetry and traditions. The poetry in Islam was very nice, great and wonderful and Muslim’s prophet Muhammad said to have enjoyed the poetry (Scheindlin 7), which made Muslims do great efforts to add in the Islamic poetry, which makes a lot of kind of attractive ways to Islam, which made the Jews be Muslims and be satisfied of converting, and this proves that the converting Jews in Muslim Spain to Islam by their own by the poetry. Even though the Jews reacted to most creative way of the brilliant Arab culture as I will show here â€Å"according to Bargebuhr, Hispanic Jews reacted in a most creative way to the influences of the brilliant Arab culture (though without converting to Islam, as the Persians did). (Jayyusi and Marin 515) † So it appears that Jews did not convert to Islam by reading that smart Arabic poems. But in the beginning I said some of Jews converted to Islam. And the same book said that some of Jews did not use the Hebrew language as well in reading the Islamic poems. Moreover they have reacted the Arabic poems not the Islamic one, but when it appears that the Hispanic Jews reacted to the smart Arabic poems it appears not the all Jews converted to Islam, but Some of them, who reacted to the Islamic Arabic Poems. The holy Quran is in Arabic and it has its language, and most of the Arabic in Muslim Spain were influenced in the holy Quran, and how it has the secret way to attract non-Muslim people to it, that are the Holy Quran ways, But the Arabs poets as I said they influenced of that and they started to work with it to attract people to Islam. And how about some of Jews Scholars had been influenced and attracted to the Quran language, and converted to Islam, they will have the power of attracting their previous people the Jews. Therefore the possibilities of converting Jews to Islam were so high because of the many of the Converted Jews scholars to Islam, and the knowing of the Hebrew language, they will be able to know how to attract people to Islam by making good Hebrew poets, that has the attraction ways of Holy Quran. Adding knowledge to the pomes in the Muslim Spain was so great, some of the Poets added a lot of knowledge in his poems, and by clever way the poets were adding attracting language to make the Jews convert to Islam when they were reading knowledge. All that made the Jews convert to Islam by reading the Arabic poetry in Muslim Spain. But did these converted Jews really converted to Islam just by reading the poems? Why if they were converting to Islam just not to pay the (Jyzia) which is a tax that Muslims take it from non-Muslims people? It could be, and this would happen, but not all of Jews who converted to Islam just because of the Jyzia, because the one who converted should not be so poor to not pay a small amount of money as a tax. Moreover a lot of poor Jews in Muslim Spain were able to pay the Jyzia, unless if that Jew is cheap or greedy, he would do that. But another question is in the mind now, which is what kind of poems affected the Jews that range to convert to Islam? We said before that the poets were Arabs from Muslim Spain and Jews scholars too who wrote poems in both languages as well, Moreover the Holy Quran’s Influence which attracted all those to convert to Islam. But the kind of poems are the one which were describing Islam and how it is, and the one which described other religions, and making Islam the best of them. Moreover the poems which describes the Islamic architecture, and the science as well especially the one which discovered by Muslims scientists. However these poems are showing in its form, it talks about architecture or science, how would that help or motive or being a media to convert the Jews to Islam? The questions here is logic and it appears that it has no answer. But the answer is simple, the poets really care to make the readers being pleased reading the poems they wrote, that would not happen they appeared they are trying to let non-Muslims readers to get bored fast, or to leave the poems by thinking it is trying to make them Muslims, so the poets used a hidden way to let the readers not feeling that they added the thing that make them convert, so they added in a hidden way, for example when they want to describe the architecture, they will describe the Mosque in purpose to let the readers to be attracted to the Mosque (Ruggles 171-8) , and also if they want to write about science they write about the Muslims scientists or how Islam explained science in perfect way, all that just by great poems that did not seemed to be like that. As Ibrahim Ibn Sahl did after he converted (Roth 165-9). In the end of this it was a clever idea to make the Islamic poetry strong to be capable to convert people by their own, and also the traditions of Muslims i n Muslim Spain were much educated to make a lot of ways to add the Islamic  sense at the poetry to make the Jews to convert. Moreover the secret way of attracting Non-Muslims to Islam was really strong because it was within the language which is the most playable media to attract people to Islam. Especially the Jews, but how about the Christians did they also converted to Islam by poems in Muslim Spain? If they did so, what was attracting them, to be converted? But are not they were jealous of Muslims who were able to convert Jews by their own, so they did the inquisition and forced people to convert to their religion by force. Or they were scare to be attracted by Muslims and then convert to Islam. And this raises the concept of Muslims verses Christian’s tactics of conversion. And the Muslim’s cultural influence verses Christian’s state violence. Work Cited Cole, Peter. The Dream of the Poem: Hebrew Poetry from Muslim and Christian Spain, 950-1492. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2007. Print. D, F R. Arabic Poetry and Architectural Memory in Al-Andalus. Ars Orientalis. 23 (1993): 171-178. Print. Gwynne, Rosalind W. Logic, Rhetoric and Legal Reasoning in the Quran: Gods Arguments. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis, 2014. Internet resource. Lewis, Bernard. The Jews of Islam. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1984. Print. Lowin, Shari L. Arabic and Hebrew Love Poems in Al-Andalus. New York: Routledge, 2014. Print. Roth, Norman. Daily Life of Jews in the Middle Ages. New York: Routledge, 2005. Print. Scheindlin, Raymond P. The Gazelle: Medieval Hebrew Poems on God, Israel, and the Soul. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1991. Print. Jayyusi, Salma K, and Manuela MariÃŒ n. The Legacy of Muslim Spain. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1992. Print.

Dream Interpretation of the Film Lost Highway Essay -- Lost Highway Mo

Dream Interpretation of the Film "Lost Highway" Cop: Do you own a video camera? Renee: No. Fred hates them. Fred: I like to remember things my own way. Cop: What do you mean by that? Fred: How I remembered them. Not necessarily the way they happened. A dream can mean everything, or it can mean nothing. According to Freud, if we take its contents seriously, it has the potential to reveal things about ourselves that we scarcely believe could be true. But often the fragmented oddness of such a vision damages its credibility, and one is left wondering how something so disjointed could contain insight of any value. Such is the dilemma with "Lost Highway," a movie seemingly bent on walking its viewers down one path, and then, when they begin to understand the nature of it all, to abruptly change course and begin anew. Hitchcock's "MacGuffin" - the term he coined to refer to the apparent plot of a story, which is merely a cover for the underlying, more important thread - is both irrelevant and vital in this film. The viewer will watch what is happening, trying to get a sense of the plot, but the plot, really, is unimportant. The very nature of plot demands a sense of linearity, and this movie lacks such a characteristic. However, th e plot is also the most important aspect of the film, because, ultimately, almost everything each character does seems to be part of a dream in the mind of the central character, Fred Madison. Consequently, what happens is not merely manifest content to be brushed aside. Hidden within it is the latent content which will give the viewer an understanding of what is happening in the mind of this man. How do we know it is a dream and not merely poor story-telling? How do we know... ...on to detail complements this approach quite well. In either case, the effect works. One of the most difficult tasks in a movie is to let the viewer inside the mind of one of its characters. This is much easier in literature, which can employ the faculties of narration and omniscience. In a film with no such leisure, a director must rely on images and dialogue alone to accomplish this feat. To visually represent the emotions of a character can only be well-executed in a few distinct ways. One such, effective way is to film the dreams and fantasies occurring in the mind of that character. Lynch's approach works, and Fred's emotional and psychical states of being are clear, if the viewer can just look past the manifest to find the rich, latent content buried beneath. Bibliography Gay, Peter, ed. The Freud Reader. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1989.

Plato’s Theory of Forms Essay

Plato’s theory of forms is strongly based on what is real and what is not. What is real is thought to be perfect, but something cannot be real or perfect if it is always changing. He explains that the â€Å"World of forms† is very different to the â€Å"World of appearances†. The â€Å"World of forms† can only be properly understood by philosophers and those who seek knowledge, not by the ignorant or those who do not wish to learn the truth. The theory of forms makes a distinction between those objects that are real and those that are only real in our minds. His dialogues (e. g. Parable of the cave) portray knowledge as the process of leaving the cave and going into the sunlight. The people in the cave find their reality in the shadows cast in the cave and assume there can never be anything beyond these shadows. These shadows are used to convey that the world that we see is just a shadow or reflection of what is real. For Plato, the real world is not what we see around us, it is only the â€Å"World of forms† that is real and unchanging. Plato believed that what is perceived as knowledge in this world was in fact only opinion and true knowledge rests only in the world of forms. Knowledge is seen to be something that can be known by senses but if all to see in this world are constantly changing shadows then they are not the truth but the constant, unchanging and eternal concepts in the world of forms do not have this problem of contradiction, Plato explained knowledge as eternal and immutable this means the changing world couldn’t hold knowledge with the eternal one could. Plato describes the forms as independently existing entities whose existence and nature are graspable only by the mind, even though they do not depend on being grasped in order to exist. Plato said that souls come from the world of forms which is why we have an innate knowledge of beauty or the form of beauty, but we don’t actually know what it is and therefore can’t judge. When we see examples of justice, we recognise them because we recognise them as we see that they reflect the nature of True Justice or the form of Justice. The beauty or justice that we see in society around us is always imperfect, as even though we have never seen perfect justice or beauty we know what they are according to Plato, because we have an understanding gained as a recollection of our souls experience in the world of forms. Plato believed that although all forms were perfect there was a hierarchy within them with the form of goodness being at the top, such as the sun in the ‘allegory of the cave’ which shined over everything and allowed the prisoner new information. The form of goodness allows all the other forms to be understood and be valued. We are said to participate in the form but it isn’t something that Plato gave detail or description on, this has become one of the argument and reasons why some people have rejected the theory. Aristotle gave another argument against the theory as the ideal of man would hold traits of man and would therefore have to have a perfect form on which it is based as would that being. This idea could be back traced continuously and is used to show that each concept would have to have a concept on which it itself was based.

Development of police -Time line history Essay

The Roman Vigiles are recognized world over as the first police force. Gaius Octavius who was Julius Caesars’ grandnephew created this â€Å"non-military and non-mercenary police† in 27 B.C. (Berg, B.1998) The creation of the force followed the assassination of Julius Caesar and Gaius sought to reform the Roman society as a form of revenge. This was done once Gaius ascended to power to become Augustus Caesar the â€Å"first emperor of Rome.† (Berg, B.1998) However it was not until the 17th century that elements of policing started being practiced in the US after being adopted from the English watch system. This system was to later evolve to the American watch system, which had a form of silent, and unseen policing based on â€Å"hue and cry.† (Berg, B.1998) Among the first parts to adopt this system was the Boston night watch formed in 1631; this system enlisted 6 watchmen, a constable and many volunteers. American policing is normally classified into 3 distinct eras that are discussed below. The political Era (1840-1930) The major characteristic of this era was the close relationship between the police on one hand and politicians on the other. This relationship in most cases was geared towards â€Å"making the politician happy† The police system was very decentralized and its main purpose was to provide basic social services. Inherent in the police system during this era was the endemic corruption. http://www.realpolice.net/police-history.shtml   Sometimes this era is called the â€Å"Spoils Era† which called for large-scale adaptation to the social changes that were taking place in America. This era is named so because as the term puts it â€Å"to the Victor go the spoils† whereby the political class in big cities often controlled their municipal police. http://www.realpolice.net/police-history.shtml During the period of 1835 America was hit by numerous Industrial and race riots, which involved mostly the Native Americans and the immigrant Irish. In response to these riots, the police force was assigned the function of controlling them. However, because the type of system used was variably inadequate and ineffective the answer was found in police officers that would be salaried. (Walker, S.1998) 1845 marked the beginning of a salaried police force in America. This was in New York City where the police were called â€Å"coppers† because of the copper star badges they wore. They worked throughout, day and night mainly to control riots. http://www.realpolice.net/police-history.shtml The â€Å"coppers† were armed with guns and were usually trained to think smarter than their working class counter parts. This system was to soon spread to other states like Boston where detectives and informants were being used and Philadelphia with the characteristic â€Å"mug shots.† http://www.realpolice.net/police-history.shtml The Texas Ranger which was founded in 1845 is mentioned as the first state police organization and it is always well remembered for the atrocities against Mexicans and â€Å"Comanche tribes.† However, the Pennsylvania Constabulary is generally accepted as the first professional state police agency. The constabulary initial functions was to aide mine-owners against strikes in the mines. (Walker, S. 1998) The California Gold Rush of 1848 prompted the formation of Federal police agencies that included the Border Patrol, the IRS, Postal Inspector and the Secret Service. In1855 Allan Pinkerton was a model for federal investigators after founding the Pinkerton’s private security agency. Other agencies that sprouted up during this time were Holmes Burglar Alarm Company and the Brinks and Wells Fargo armored delivery services. By early 20th century the Spoils era was coming to a close, ending in 1900 when the Pendleton Act came into being. This Act was mainly enforced by a civil service system to fight corruption and nepotism. Several innovations were made, and the form of policing shifted from â€Å"brawn to brain†. (Berg, B.1998) During this time professionalism took center stage and led to the formation in 1902 of the International Association of Chiefs of police (IACP). Richard Sylvester became the body’s first president; he was also the Washington D.C.P.D chief and is widely recognized as the â€Å"father of police professionalism.† Many aspects of paramilitary policing were developed during this time. (Walker, Samuel 1977) By 1918, August Vollmer as the chief of the Berkeley P.D became   â€Å"the patriarch of police professionalism†. During his time, for the first time in America advancement in crime labs and finger printing were realized, more and bigger police stations were built accompanied by change of job titles. The professionalism saw the establishment of police unions at the bottom ranks. (Walker, Samuel 1977) In 1915, the Fraternal Order of Police (FOP) was established. The establishment of the Federation Of State County Municipal Employees (AFSCME), and the International Conference Of Police Association (ICPA), the umbrella group of teamsters, followed this. Another aspect of this era was the involvement of citizen groups in the police reforms a notable model was the Chicago Crime Commission. The commission was more of civilian oversights board that sort to bring intellectual ideas about causes of crime. During this era policewomen were given the chance to do real police work, for the first time. Another peculiar development during this era was the Volstead Act on the 18th Amendment or Prohibition in 1919.This was an era characterized by gangsterism of such renowned gangsters like Al Capone and John Dilinger. It was also a time during the Great Depression where there was widespread unemployment and law was unenforceable. Thus the main function of the police during this time was fighting crime because the number of gangsters had increased and they had become more organized. It was this period that is often described as the Prohibition Era when attempts were made to ban alcohol sales and consumption. (Walker, S. 1998) All together there was an escalation of such crimes as kidnapping, daylight bank robberies and drive by shooting. The police were under intense pressure to contain the runaway crime and most time resorted to the use of brute force including the use of dirty tricks. Notable police leaders who emerged during this time were J.Edgar Hoover and Elliot Ness. They often used covert means and latest technology to check on the raising crime. The advent of the two ways radio, the police car and the telephone transformed greatly the policing system to become a more reactive system. (Gaines, L.& Vaughn J. 1999) The Reform Era (1830-1980)   The reform era was ushered in by various transformations that started taking place in the police system in the 1920s led by August Vollmer who was Berkeley, California Police Chief (Carte, G. & E. 1975). During this era new technology started being adopted and greater professionalism enhanced (Walker, Samuel 1977). Such professionalism centralized the command and control of the police operations. Such officers like O.W Wilson who introduced professionalism in Wichita, Kansas and the Chicago police drastically reduced corruption. Here training of the police was greatly emphasized. (Bopp, W 1977) O.W. Wilson introduced various strategies like rotation of officers from one community to another to reduce corruption incidences, strict merit promotion system, and higher salaries to attract professionals and aggressive recruiting drives. (Bopp, W 1977) However, there remained a bad relationship between the police on one hand and the minority communities on the other because of the highly autocratic police leaders. The police during this period despite of the reformations concentrated more on felonies and other serious crimes. (Bopp, W 1977) The 1960s were marked by urban unrests that included movements such as the civil rights, the Vietnam, the student rights and counterculture. There was an escalation of serial and mass murders with an increased number of police killed in the line of duty that averaged 100 annually. The crime rates soared tripling during this period. (Carte, G. & E. 1975). In 1968 the National Advisory Commission on civil disorders blamed the riots on the police and following the abolishment of the death penalty 1967-1977,the police were faced with a heavy task of checking on the rise in crime whilst doing it professionally. In 1965 President Johnson formed the Presidents Commission On Law Enforcement And Administration Of Justice whose reports were influential in providing an overhaul criminal justice system model. It was during this period that the police information system became computerized and more emphasis was placed on empowering the criminal justice system. (Carte, G. & E. 1975). In the 1970s the interest shifted to the Police Community Relations when the reactive policing approach was found to be ineffective. Corruption in the police force was still endemic and various commissions were formed to investigate it. Such commissions were common and were formed by citizens and financed by the private sector or community groups. (Walker, S. 1998) Various programs were started towards enforcing the police community relations and included such programs as open houses and ride a longs, citizen self defense trainings, citizen police academies and â€Å"Coffee Klatches† or community meetings. These outreaches helped the police realize their public safety function, where â€Å"fighting the fear of crime was as important as fighting crime itself† (Gaines, L.& Vaughn J. 1999) The Community Era (1980- Preset) Many law enforcement agencies in the 1990s started adopting strategies of community policing and problem oriented policing. Problem oriented policing that was characterized by a centralized problem pinpointing approach came first. (Gaines, L.& Vaughn J. 1999)   Community policing defined as â€Å"a philosophy based on citizens and police working together in creative ways to help solve contemporary problems related to crime fear disorder and decay†. (Gaines, L.& Vaughn J. 1999) Community policing is characterized by the incorporation of the public in combating crime, where the police are more involved with the community they police, now than ever before. (Gaines, L.& Vaughn J. 1999) It was also during the 1990s that New York Police Department developed an information based crime pattern tracking and mapping system. The system’s purpose was to check the trends and patterns in crime and the accountability of dealing with crime problems is given to the police.

ASU Admissions - ACT Scores, Financial Aid More

ASU Admissions - ACT Scores, Financial Aid More Over half of all students to Alabama State University receive rejection letters; in 2016, the acceptance rate was 46 percent. That said, the admissions bar isnt overly high. Many admitted students have SAT and ACT scores that are below average, and a GPA of C or higher is often adequate (most successful applicants are up in the A an B range). The university uses an index of GPA and test scores for admission eligibility, so students with higher grades can have lower test scores and vise versa. Be sure to visit the ASU admissions website for more information. Will You Get In? Calculate Your Chances of Getting In  with this free tool from Cappex Admissions Data (2016): Alabama State University Acceptance Rate: 46 percentGPA, ACT and SAT graph for Alabama StateTest Scores 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: 370 / 460SAT Math: 360 / 460What these SAT numbers meanCompare Alabama SAT scoresACT Composite: 15  / 19ACT English: 14 / 19ACT Math: 15  / 17What these ACT numbers meanCompare Alabama ACT scores Alabama State University Description: Alabama State University is a public, historically black university located on a 135-acre campus in Montgomery, a city with a rich civil rights history. Founded in 1867, the schools long history has evolved with the citys. Today, students come from 42 states and 7 countries, and they can choose from roughly 50 degree programs at the undergraduate and graduate level. Biology, business, criminal justice, and social work are particularly popular. The curriculum is supported by a 17 to 1  student / faculty ratio. Student life is active at the university and includes numerous fraternities and sororities. In athletics, the Alabama State Hornets, compete in the NCAA Division I Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC). The university fields seven mens and nine womens Division I sports. Enrollment (2016): Total Enrollment: 5,318  (4,727  undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 38 percent male / 62 percent female92 percent full-time Costs (2016 - 17): Tuition and Fees: $9,220  (in-state); $16,156  (out-of-state)Books: $1,600 (why so much?)Room and Board: $5,422Other Expenses: $3,392Total Cost: $19,634  (in-state); $26,570 (out-of-state) Alabama State University Financial Aid (2015- 16): Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 97 percentPercentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 90 percentLoans: 83 percentAverage Amount of AidGrants: $6,831Loans: $6,634 Academic Programs: Most Popular Majors:  Accounting, Biology, Business Administration, Communications, Criminal Justice, Elementary Education, Physical Education, Psychology, Social WorkWhat major is right for you?  Sign up to take the free My Careers and Majors Quiz at Cappex. Transfer, Retention and Graduation Rates: First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 63 percent4-Year Graduation Rate: 7 percent6-Year Graduation Rate: 22 percent Intercollegiate Athletic Programs: Mens Sports:  Football, Baseball, Basketball, Golf, Tennis, Track and Field, Cross CountryWomens Sports:  Soccer, Tennis, Volleyball, Softball, Basketball, Bowling, Track and Field Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics

Where to Buy Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate

Where to Buy Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate Copper sulfate pentahydrate (also known as copper sulphate pentahydrate or simply copper sulfate or copper sulphate) is the chemical used to grow bright blue copper sulfate crystals. Its easy to find online, but there are shipping restrictions to some locations, plus the weight of the chemical typically makes shipping comparable to the price of the chemical. Fortunately, copper sulfate is a useful chemical that you may be able to find in a store... if you know where to look. Stores That Sell Copper Sulfate I found copper sulfate at Home Depot as Zep Root Killer, which is labeled as copper sulfate pentahydrate and is sold with septic tank and drain cleaning chemicals (not with other garden root killers or with other plumbing chemicals). This product contains solid granules of copper sulfate. Its very easy to work with. If you wish to use it to grow crystals, dissolve it in hot water and then use a coffee filter to remove large impurities. Less commonly, you can find copper sulfate granules sold as an algicide for ponds. Ask for an algicide solid or powder and make certain the product is labeled as copper sulfate or copper sulfate pentahydrate. Its fairly easy to find copper sulfate solutions, but youll probably need to evaporate off some water to get the concentration you need.

The Godmother of Drug Trafficking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Godmother of Drug Trafficking - Essay Example A lady employing a violent approach to her business, Griselda Blanco caused ripples in the southern region. She also went by the name; Verucca (a tough and fearless woman) among her dug related enemies (Davies 124). It is the violent nature of her business transaction that caused the intentional deaths of more than 200 people. The deaths show that Blanco was not hesitant to ward off any person who threatened her business. She did not tolerate any unwanted competition or betrayal during her reign. Those who would betray her were punished accordingly (Davis 124). At the tender age of her life, she is alleged to have kidnapped, asked for a ransom and firing a shot the kidnapped child from the well off part of her slum dwelling. At 14, she became a prostitute but later moved to the United States where her drug trafficking business kicked off. This history documents the inappropriate background that aided her ruthless and violent nature. Bob Polombo, US DEA (Drug Enforcement Administration) agent said that â€Å"I just think it was inherent to Griselda Blanco. This goes back to her life, the way she was brought up. She was just a violent person† (Brown 96). Her first dwelling while in the United States was New York. She did not last long as she was eventually indicted bur fled to Miami where her business remained rooted for a long time. Among the most vivid case of her ruthlessness, the infamous bout with her rival drug dealer stands out. She commanded her gang to head to the Dadeland Mall (the busiest area in Miami) in her villainous white Econoline van to face off with the rival. (Swartz 193). The van was actually a â€Å"war wagon† because â€Å"its sides were covered by quarter-inch steel with gun-ports cut into them† (Brown 96). More so, the violent exchange of fire occurred in broad daylight. Ingram Mac-10 machine pistols and Baretta automatic handguns were widely used in this confrontation. (Swartz 193). What followed was a massacre that puzzled the Dade county coroner. He is quoted as describing it as â€Å"Swiss Cheese†. The continuation of her reign as the most fierce drug lord was facilitated by her most trusted commander tagged â€Å"Rivas†. She entrusted Rivas with heading her group of killers known as Pisteleros. (Riano-Alcala 42). Pisteleros and the subsidiary group known a s the Motorcycle assassins were the main enforcers to the smuggling work. With this group, she would organize a network of women who were mostly widows and use them in smuggling the cocaine all over the United States. She created a lingerie so that her female traffickers would ferry her drugs without being detected (Surovell 4). By protecting her business empire, she had massive success as her operations expanded greatly in the 1970s. She received large quantities of cocaine from Colombia. She was able to rake in large amounts of money (Brown 96). She eventually became one of the richest self made millionaires as well as the most powerful in Miami and its environment. The â€Å"black widow† was the name that she was branded due to her murderous instinct towards her husbands. (Smitten 2). Her sociopathic behaviors towards her husbands put in total disregard all the achievements of the pairs. Her admirers who dared to cross her path were not spared. She would either hire profes sional contract killers to execute the murders or do it herself. The most inhumane murder was that of Trujillo. Trujillo was eventually not credited by Blanco for introducing her to the dangerous world of guns, murderers, and the drugs in the Medellin Cartel (Gugliota 8). Although he taught her all the useful tricks of drug trafficking, he was a victim of her wrath over a small business dispute (Surovell 4).

Patriarchy, the System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Patriarchy, the System - Essay Example However, Johnson would want to show to us that these would not be able to present us the actual working social patterns in the society. In order for us to better grasp the vital thoughts of Johnson about patriarchy, being acquainted to the idea of a system, participation and resistance are important concepts that highlight the presence of male privilege and female gender oppression. We shall be able to discuss them in concrete and great detail for us to take hold of the ultimate concept that Johnson would want to share with us. The article entitled â€Å"Patriarchy, the System: An It, Not a He, a Them, or an US† is the actual work of Johnson depicting rich information about patriarchy as a system and how systematic male gender privilege informs sexism. This work is the actual reference of all the concepts and thoughts integrated into the work at hand. This paper explains what Johnson means by Patriarchy, the System, elaborating how male gender privilege and female gender oppre ssion consist of more than simply the actions of individuals. The work at hand also involves examples for us to understand how systematic male gender privilege informs sexism. ... nge of this system, but Johnson believes that the individual choices of actions could make a difference, and even could possibly initiate total system change. Johnson started to define Patriarchy as a system by elaborating some examples of other systems like capitalism and the game ‘monopoly’. For Johnson, in a capitalistic society, every worker has less power to level up with the capitalists and would never have any chance to exercise what they would want to do even if they could (p. 30). The reason is that they are strongly confined within the system that everyone is doing, and so it is hard for an individual to deviate from the entire working system. In a capitalistic society, the rule is to gain, no matter how detailed personal convictions may internally protest or showcase disapproval. For as long as the ultimate goal is achieved in the end, the whole system can be said that it conspires to create a necessary output. In addition, Johnson also provides a detailed exa mple by explaining the working concept of a game called ‘monopoly.’ According to Johnson, this game manifests actual working system, which aids the individual player to best the opponents. The purpose of the game is to win, but prior to winning, there is an actual system that everyone should participate and show no resistance particularly with the working rules (p. 34). The important points that surface in the above two examples are the actual concepts of ‘participation’ and ‘least resistance’ that could help us elaborate the complex system surrounding patriarchy. According to Johnson, socialization is a mechanism for training people to participate (p. 37). As we therefore participate in social systems, we are shaped as individuals leading us to participate in social life via

Ethics in Engineering (Ford Crown Victoria Interceptor) Essay

Ethics in Engineering (Ford Crown Victoria Interceptor) - Essay Example Though there was no abnormality of this setup, engineers should reposition the fuel tank for the police vehicles to minimize these accidents. The design for fuel-tank in the Crown Victoria Police Interceptor (CVPI) was all right according to federal safety standards (Fleddermann, 2011). However, CVPI had failed to take precautions necessary for minimizing the risk of explosion of the fuel tank in case the vehicle was smashed from behind. Ford should have positioned the tank far from the axle bolt because it is responsible for causing damage to the tank when the car experiences a rear smash (Lieu & Sorby, 2009). Ford should also have distanced the fuel tank away from the crash region. These precautions are essential in police vehicles because of they're prone to such incidences since they are usually parked a short distance from the road. The design for the fuel tank in CVPI failed to meet acceptable engineering standards (Fleddermann, 2011). This is because engineers have a duty to ensure safety for their clients and the general public. Engineers should exercise their professional skills and ethics when discharging their duties. Therefore, since the engineers knew the use of the police vehicles and the risk they were exposed to in case of rear smash, they should have taken preventative measures to minimize such risks. Engineers have an obligation to conform to the existing states laws, professional principles and exercise their skills to the best of their ability to discharge their duties safely and successfully (Pahl, Wallace & Blessing, 2007). Therefore, it was vital that the designers obeyed federal regulations during discharge of their roles. The CVPI vehicles for use by police were supposed to be redesigned by placing the gas-tank some distance from the axle to minimize the risk of damage to the tank.

How Do Smartphones Affect Our Lives English Language Essay

How Do Smartphones Affect Our Lives English Language Essay Smartphones are sophisticated devices used for communication while offering many other different functions at the same time. These functions may include video and audio recording, navigation assistance, music and video player and web browsing through wireless networks and apps ranging from games to highly specialized dictionaries. Smartphones come in different designs candy-bar models, clamshell models, slide models and wearable watch models. Common uses of smartphones besides phone calls and messaging may include video-conferencing, web browsing, listening to music, viewing videos, playing games, tool for different educational purposes, navigation assistant. Technically, an operating system platform open to developers is really the only minimum requirement to classify a Smartphone. Smartphones are generally also expected to be smart. For example if a phone that asks you for the sever address, port, etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ to set up for email access, its not a Smartphone even if the advertising brochure says so. A Smartphone is cleverer than that because it will figure out the server from your email id by itself. While the majority of people may think that smartphones are for geeks it is actually the opposite because they are generally much more refined and intuitive than the non-smart phones. Smartphones can be used by the not so technically inclined as well, to do powerful things with their phones. A smartphone can be easily recognized by its excellent email, calendar, organizer integration and powerful apps presented in a simple and intuitive way. Symbian, Android, Windows Mobile, iOS are the current operating systems that drive a smartphone. It is the same thing as Windows and Mac OS on our PC. These operating systems help us to interact with both the hardware and the applications on the phone. Unlike Java applications that can be installed on any ordinary mobile phone, applications that have been developed on these operating system platforms are normally much better in terms of their functionality. Through the appropriate OS such applications can interact more easily with the phones hardware. At last count, Apple had over 200,000 apps in its store, while Android had over 50,000 apps in its Android Marketplace. Application categories range from Productivity, Entertainment, Communication, Finance, Health, Lifestyle, Multimedia, News, Social to Travel and everything in between. These app stores are accessible from the phone itself for instant downloads of both free and paid applications. There is no end to how much functionality you can add to your phone. When, why and by who was the first Smartphone invented? (300) the very first smartphone to have been created was named Simon. It was designed and created by IBM in the 1992s. It was in Las Vegas, Nevada, during the COMDEX show that this idea of smartphone was first presented to the world. The Simon smartphone included features like world clock where it could show the time in all the countries in the, a note pad used to take notes, email, calculator, a calendar where it was possible to markup events in certain days and to set an alarm for that event, receive and send faxes and it was also possible to install and play different games. One unique feature that Simon smartphone had was its keyboard. It was the first phone to be using a touch screen keyboard. The On-screen keyboard was a built-in keyboard showed on the screen. For using the phones keyboard, people had to touch the screen with their fingers just like as if it were traditional keyboard with physical buttons. With time the technology evolved and the touch screen was no longer used just for the dialing, it was used for writing too. Smartphones with both touch screen keypad and also the standard keypad were invented because some people were unsatisfied due to the fact that it was hard to write text messages from a completely touch screen phone because of its sensitivity. Such phones were named QWERTY phones. The QWERTY Smartphones helped people to write more easily, and because it looks like a minicomputer, they can easily use it to surf the web, use instant messengers and many other features. The smartphones are great for business persons or anyone who wants features that a computer has, but it has the disadvantage of having a much higher price compared to normal phones. The price is expected to drop as time passes by and technology advances. Is the invention of the telephone a curse or a blessing? (400) A recent survey done by of one million users in 34 countries showed that 62% believed that their work productivity was much better due to new technology.   75% considers the opportunity provided by devices such as smartphones and laptops to remain in constant contact with work as a positive development. Converting down time to work time, and being able to stay in touch with whats happening at work at all times.  This kind of commitment used to be associated with Type A executives, but nowadays anyone with a smartphone can do so too. Many people like to find new ways to be effective, and like to feel as if they are getting better at managing time. However, what is actually happening with many  professionals is not amusing at all. Companies  have taken the opportunity given to them by technology to convince employees to spend more down time doing work.    Nowadays, most people with a smartphone have gotten into the habit of continuously trying to convert down time into useful, work time. Ways in which professionals may be converting their down time to get something done: An employee sending a text message to his co-workers while travelling at 120 Km/h in a train and spilling hot coffee into his lap. A teacher in a PTA meeting thats going very slow, logs in her e-mail and replies, missing two tasks given to her among the various others. An accountant at the swimming pool to watch his child swim the 25m freestyle event, closes a deal during the mens 25m freestyle via cellphone and lies to his son about seeing him break the record for that event. A supervisor attending 3 days of fitness training is unable to do her training without touching her smartphone every 15 minutes and later after getting them written results of her training complains that the training program was not effective enough. A teacher talking to the school manager to obtain a place in the school gets a message from her tuition student asking for help on a revision exercise, just before the exams start. She quietly sends her a reply while the manager is still talking. The manager notices the sudden lapse in attention and interprets it as a lack of interest in the proposals he is offering. A lawyer one more time takes his smartphone to the toilet where he can multi-task and by misfortune his boss husband who borrowed his smartphone, like five minutes before, happened to be there and notices him. More importantly the phone falls in the urinal and the owner quickly picks it up and tries his best to continue his conversation with his customer These habits were developed by professionals who were trying to boost their productivity by converting down time into something of value. Human beings are known to easily develop habits that are hard to stop and these habits can also be annoying to others. There are where cases employees are provided with a smartphone for free by their company executives and managers. It is even seen as a form of reward and indicator of status in some companies. What many of them know, however, is that when an employee accepts the device, they are likely to join the group of the always-reachable, and engage in many of the behaviors that their higher-ups are practicing,   such as: sending and receiving messages at 2:30 am using weekends, vacations and holidays to conduct company business implicitly agreeing to respond to all messages within a short time-frame interrupting ANY activity to find out what my boss wants (If the stories told on YouTube and on blogs are true, then   _anything_ can be interrupted nowadays by smartphone use!) To put it in more Machiavellian terms, companies have found a way to take time and attention that employee used to spend on their own, with their families and with their friends, and convert it to company time.   It starts with the gift of a smartphone. While I truly doubt that there is some master plan, dont doubt for a minute that a manager doesnt know the difference between her employees who are always-reachable from those who arent. Companies can make big gains in productivity by simply giving away smartphones to their employees, while ignoring the added stress that gets created. There are some companies that are noticing what is happening, however. Enlightened companies take a page out of the medical profession, which has long realized that its important to maintain some kind of boundaries in their professionals lives.   Companies can put in place policies that clearly delineate time spent at work, on call and away from work.   Ã‚  They recognize that these are three distinct modes that must be enforced if employees are expected to function at their best. Most employees, however, find themselves in un-enlightened companies and must make their own way, starting with 3 steps they must take. Their first step is to identify the unproductive habits in their time management system.   They can do the kind of analysis I describe on my website (www.2time-sys.com) to find the strong and weak spots. The second step is to create an improvement plan that outlines the habits to be changed, along with some target dates. This gives them some realistic goals to hear towards. The third step requires them to create an environment to make the habit changes easier to effect.   Unfortunately, most habits do not change easily or quickly, and the right blend of supports can make all the difference. Employees who have begun this personal journey need to make a plan to enlighten the executive team.   Most smartphone use started with the CEO and her direct reports, and they are the ones who, in all likelihood, introduced, for example, a culture of 24 hour availability to the organization. In an effort like this, employees need allies at all levels to help demonstrate that bad habits developed in the executive suite can wreak havoc when rolled out to an entire company.   (There is a growing body of data available that can be used in this effort.)   In an intervention, executives can be asked to imagine an all-company meeting in which half the attendees spend most of the  meeting on their smartphones, lost in cyber-space.   (Some would   simply argue that they are following the fine example of their CEO!) If the executive team can be convinced that these behaviors are destructive, then the company can move to specify some specific changes. For example, the US Federal Government has banned the use of cell-phones by its employees while they are driving and conducting government business.   In part, thats because of obvious safety reasons. From a productivity stand-point, however, it makes perfect sense. Other policies can be introduced to limit the use of smartphones and laptops during off hours, for starters.   (In some companies, turning off all messaging devices between 12:00 am and 6:00 am would be a major step.) Each company needs to look at its culture, as well as its strategy, and phase in these changes in a way that makes sense. They need to allow for the fact that habit change takes time, and that a new culture could not be born in an instant. The single employee who decides to change their company has a very difficult task on her hands, however, as she realizes that smartphones have done more to change company culture in the past few years than any vision statement or 2 day retreat.   She needs to appreciate that some executives may decide that they like the way things are going, and dont want to change a thing.   Ã‚  Those companies who take this route probably wont see any immediate fallout as employees cling to their jobs for fear of losing them, but theyll pay later.   At some point in the future, productivity will be impacted on a large scale, as employees burn themselves out and the bottom line suffers. Its much better to make the small, enlightened changes now, than to wait until the cost is higher and the effort required seems to be impossible to garner. All it takes to get started is one or two employees who are willing to redefine what productivity means for themselves and their companies, in favor of long-term results that are sustainable. How and for what we make use smart phone nowadays? (400) .. What are the negative impacts it has on us? (400) .. What are the negative impacts it has on our health? (400) .. There has been plenty of debate as to whether or not cell phones have holistically upgraded our lives. True, they have played a pivotal role in many fields. But are they really that helpful to society? Despite the numerous criticisms against these devices, people dont seem to waver their support for mobile phones. In fact, as of 2008, there were about 304.7 million mobile phone units sold in the whole world. And that doesnt even quantify the number of users, which are abundant in all countries. In the United States, 203 million people own and use cell phones. In Australia, the number of mobile phones being utilized even surpasses the entire countrys population. The influence of these inventions is extreme. As proof of this, they have already broken boundaries and transcended culture. Can you imagine what the world would be like if mobile phones were banned for their harmful effects? Alzheimers and Parkinsons are just some of the diseases being attributed to prolonged cell phone use. But above these, the possibility of getting brain cancer is what most health-conscious individuals worry about their fascination with these gadgets. Mobile phone electromagnetic radiation is said to destroy the protein barrier of the brain and make it susceptible to viruses and toxins. Aside from that, it is also said to destroy red blood cells and cause hemoglobin leaking, which consequently harms the heart and kidney. These harms eventually manifest as an elevated blood pressure and a decrease in the bodys immunity. In addition, cell phone radiation is also suspected of causing another form of physical threat, in the form of car accidents. According to a study conducted by the Harvard University, cell phones are predisposing factors to 200 vehicular deaths and millions of deaths per year. Furthermore, it is also insinuated that electromagnetic waves prove detrimental to the environments health and may cause freak fires in gas stations, as it can unwillingly ignite gas fumes. But with all things considered, cell phones are not solely to be blamed for these ill consequences. As such, the human factor cannot be excluded in the equation. Our excesses and lack of control usually bring about negative effects to our cell phone use. So, it might be best that we learn, while still physically fit, about what we can do to prevent bad things from happening. By using the internet, we can gather enough intelligence to help us live a better, healthier mobile phone using life. How can Smartphone be misused and what can be done to prevent it? (400) .. To what extent mobile phones have made us both poorer and better communicators? (400) .. To what extend are we dependent/addicted to smartphones? (300) TOKYO, May 14 (AP) (Kyodo)-Elementary school students are becoming more psychologically dependent on their cellphones, with about a quarter of surveyed students saying they feel very anxious if they do not receive replies to their emails on their cellphones, a report released Wednesday by a Japanese parent-teacher association said. The report was based on a nationwide survey conducted on 2,400 fifth graders and 2,400 students in the second year of junior high schools as well as their parents in November last year, the National Congress of Parents and Teachers Associations of Japan said. Nineteen percent of the elementary school students and 22 percent of the junior high school students answered that they tend to make long calls despite themselves, while 25 percent of the elementary school students and 26 percent of the junior high school students said they feel very anxious when they do not get email replies, according to the report. The figures for the elementary school students were both up 7 points from the previous survey conducted in November 2007. Emails can be the start of cellphone dependence, said Kunihiko Soga, who heads the association, and added, Parents and children should discuss rules on when and how to use cellphones. Sixteen percent of the junior high school students, the largest single group, said they send and receive more than 50 emails through cellphones per day, the report said. More than half of the junior high school students polled send and receive more than 10 emails per day. It was one to five emails for 34 percent of the elementary school students, followed by six to 10 for 14 percent, and 11 to 20 for 6 percent. The survey results also revealed that 20 percent of the fifth graders and 42 percent of the students in their second year in junior high schools owned a cellphone. Among the junior high school students surveyed, 38 percent said they have email friends their parents do not know about, up 3 points from the previous survey. Meanwhile, 57 percent of the parents surveyed said they have introduced filtering services that limit their childrens access to harmful contents online. To what extent do we expect Smartphone to improve and in what ways in the coming years? (400) Thought it was hard enough to pick the right smartphone as is? Courtesy of the new  HTC EVO 4G from Sprint, the decision just got that much tougher. The first Android phone thats compatible with both 3G and 4G (even higher-speed) wireless broadband networks, the handset promises to offer an impressive feature setand, more important, killer download speeds. Shipping this summer, as high-end mobile communications devices go, the hardware itself is nothing to scoff at. Consider the gadgets 4.3-inch touchscreen, which lets you pinch to zoom and ranks among the largest displays available on an Android phone. Well-suited to music, photos and streaming video, multimedia looks to be an upcoming strong suita bonus for entrepreneurs looking to tap into popular news destinations, social networks and online portals. Speaking of socializing, the gizmo also layers in a specialized user interface known as HTC Sense. Using it, you can access features like a Friend Stream that aggregates updates from popular social networks like Twitter, Facebook and Flickr and streamlines them into one easily digestible feed. Theres also a special function known as Leap that lets you pinch to view open programs, making multitasking that much easier. Bonuses further extend to not just one, but a pair of integrated digital cameras. Theres an 8-megapixel model with auto-focus and high-definition video recording capabilities on the back, plus a 1.3-megapixel unit on the front. The former should prove useful for multimedia creation and content sharing, while the latter could come in handy when videoconferencing or snapping your own facial expressions. Either way, theres massive potential there to connect with clients and colleagues, generate content for promotional use on your blog or website and create custom video for distribution through online channels. Live streaming of shareholder meetings and tradeshows seems an immediate possibility via the Qik application. Ditto for the opportunity to upload HD video to online aggregators such as YouTube and Metacafe instead of the pixilated standard-def footage thats currently commonplace. Connect an HDMI cable, and theres also the option to output your clips, e.g., client testimonials, han ds-on product demos, etc., straight to HDTV, while a kickstand enables easier on-device viewing. Intriguingly, the EVO 4G can also function as a mobile wireless hotspot. A maximum of eight Wi-Fi-ready devices from laptops to MP3 players and digital cameras can connect and tap into its internet connection. Albeit only available in 27 cities from Atlanta to Chicago, Las Vegas and Seattle (service launches in New York, Boston, San Francisco and other metropolitan areas are planned for later in 2010), Sprint claims its 4G network delivers 10 times faster speeds than what youd get from 3G networks. Bearing this in mind, large files such as high-def videos and sizable software packages should be retrievable in a fraction of the waiting time users have typically come to expect from 3G devices. Heavy Web browsers may benefit as much as multimedia fans as well, given that support for Adobe Flash is also built in, which powers high-quality animated and video content. Tack on support for a range of thousands of downloadable third-party apps via the Android Market (although, granted, nowhere near as many as youd find on the iPhone), and the possibilities multiply. Coupled with the devices greater speeds, new programs could allow working professionals to connect, communicate and collaborate in a range of unexpected and far-reaching ways. Given enough bandwidth, you could video chat with a coworker live in real-time while watching a corporate webcast and sharing supporting links on the topics being discussed. While its too early to tell whether the EVO will ultimately fly, at first glimpse it appears to offer a wealth of compelling features for entrepreneurs and everyday users alike. Admittedly, chances are even if you do buy one, you may find yourself stuck operating at standard 3G speeds on occasion. Then again, in the immediate, it may be a small price to pay for the chance to piggyback on a wider 4G rollout, and get a look at what the future of smartphones could very well hold. Jim McGregor would like future smartphones to zap the person on the other end when they say something stupid. The chief technology strategist for In-Stat Research is onto something. For now, the closest we probably have to that is the mute button. But a chief technologist strategists job incorporates vision, and thats one vision that many might share. We are really just at the beginning of making these devices interface with the real world through advanced sensors and intelligent applications, says McGregor. Future devices will be able to sense temperature, speed, direction, location, action and be able to communicate with you with information you may want, rather than just the information you request. As CTIA, the wireless trade industry association, prepares to meet in Las Vegas March 23-25, smartphones with even more smarts are in the pipeline, aided by improved processing power, screen technology and internal, as well as external, software. Smartphones are starting to overtake the PC in terms of the primacy of getting information and entertainment from the Internet, says Mike Woodward, vice president of the mobile phone portfolio for ATT. Theres a whole generation of people, who, if they wanted to go find out something, they went and sat down at the computer and got it. Theres a generation coming up behind that, if they need to grab some quick information, a movie ticket, a dinner reservation they immediately reach for their smartphone, whether theyre out on the go or not. App store development Future phones may or may not look much different than the black-slab models so widely available today, iterations of the iPhone. Even though from the users point of view its the hardware that drives decision-making, much more of the differentiation and uniqueness in devices is in software, says Charles Golvin, Forrester Research principal analyst. Look at the influence of the app (applications) market. People arent making their decisions about phones based on what apps to buy. But it is becoming something of a consideration. The fact that there are so few apps for the Palm devices is in small part dampening enthusiasm for them. 0HTC HD mini smartphone  uses the Windows operating system, and  has a  single contact view that displays snapshots of your conversations with a person, be it  call, text, status update or e-mail. The mini will first be sold in Europe and Asia in April. Apples App Store, with more than 150,000 apps, or programs, that can be downloaded directly to the iPhone, leads the way. Palm now has more than 2,000 apps now available for phones using its webOS operating system. Googles Android Market has 30,000 apps and Research in Motions BlackBerry App World, 4,700. Smartphones, which run on specialized operating systems, continue to increase in popularity, particularly in the United States, where 25 percent more smartphones were shipped in the fourth quarter last year than the third, according to ABI Research. While fourth-quarter results generally are the strongest because of the holidays, the results were remarkable compared to the rather lackluster preceding nine months, said ABI Research analyst Michael Morgan in a statement. The good performance was driven in part by falling smartphone prices and the introduction of entry-level smartphones generating greater appeal for new buyers. Processing power oomph Samsung, the leading mobile phone provider in the United States with 26 percent of the market, according to Strategy Analytics, recently said it is creating its own operating system, bada, for its smartphones. The first bada phone is the Samsung Wave, which will be sold in Europe and Asia starting in April. The Wave will have a 1 gigahertz processor, which in the years ahead will become more standard fare for smartphones, experts say. Many higher-end smartphones now use processors of 650 megahertz. The relatively new Google Nexus One uses Qualcomms 1 GHz Snapdragon processor. With PCs, you always used to talk about how many megahertz your processor was, then it became how many gigahertz your processor was, how much memory did you have in it its not so different in phones these days, says Justin Denison, vice president of strategy for Samsung Mobile in the United States. Smartphones now and in the future are delivering similar performance to what PCs delivered just a few years ago, he said. Gigahertz-processing technology will become kind of the new benchmark here very shortly. And certainly you can just draw the line, following Moores Law, or whatever analogy you want to use, and predict how quickly well move to 2 GHz processors in phones, much like we have in PCs. Faster video, graphics performance faster video and graphics performance, so that smartphones can more easily become portable video players, are also part of the equation, Denison says. From a 3-D gaming and graphics perspective, if you enable faster 3-D processing, then you get into more realistic games, games that you only would have seen on your Xbox in the past, so now you can now see them on your phone and they perform in a similar manner. You almost never see personal DVD players on airplanes anymore, notes Woodward of ATT. Instead, youre starting to see people sitting there and watching their smartphones. Phone displays screens, too, will continue to improve in resolution and technology. Last year, for example, Samsung introduced some feature phones that use AMOLED active matrix Organic Light Emitting Diode energy-efficient display technology which makes the screen brighter. The company plans a Super AMOLED display for the new Wave, which has a 3.3-inch display. In really simple terms, with super AMOLED, weve integrated that touch-screen layer onto the display itself, so weve kind of combined those two, says Denison. That makes the device thinner, as well as less error-prone (to touch) and more responsive, as opposed to having two (display) layers that have to communicate to each other. Multitasking As part of seeing smartphones continue to behave in a richer fashion, so as to imitate the PC, Woodward says, multitasking is something we would expect to see happening. Multitasking the ability to run more than one program at once, and switch back and forth seamlessly is handled fluidly on some smartphones like the Palm, where, for example, you can be reading your e-mail and listening to music at the same time. Many iPhone users hope that the next-generation, iPhone OS 4.0, will incorporate multitasking, although Apple has not commented on that. Multitasking has been part of Windows Mobiles operating system, although it will not be part of Microsofts newest OS update, Windows Mobile 7. (Msnbc.com is a joint venture of Microsoft and NBC Universal.) Among the reasons multitasking is discouraged in phones is because of security issues, and because its the kind of activity that can more quickly drain a phones battery. And that may be where the smartphone-as-PC notion loses ground for some. Still, others are excited about the potential use of sensors that can communicate with the phone for a variety of tasks. One company, Synaptics, has a new development platform called Fuse. It is still rather simple, but it at least starts using sensors for gesture and motion control, says McGregor of In-Stat Research. This isnt much, but it allows you to finally have a handset that you can use with one hand, which is a novel concept. Whether its sensors or watches or heart monitors, thats a coming capability, says Golvin. And many of those sensors will use a low-power version of Bluetooth, the short-range wireless technology, which will have very little battery drain. That version should be available by the end of this year. Conclusion Abstract